特朗普治下的617888九五至尊娱乐

特朗普执政一年半了, 它在617888九五至尊娱乐政策方面的记录非常糟糕：削弱了617888九五至尊娱乐在决策中的作用, 扩大受监管行业的影响, 排除公众声音, 审查的617888九五至尊娱乐家, 无视617888九五至尊娱乐建议, 阻碍了617888九五至尊娱乐信息的收集和传播. UCS在2017年的报告中记录了这一糟糕的记录， 从第一天起就把617888九五至尊娱乐边缘化, 在我们的博客上，在我们正在进行的 “对617888九五至尊娱乐的攻击” 网络的功能.

但是617888九五至尊娱乐家们自己是怎么想的呢? What does the Trump administration's assault on federal science look like to the people who experience it every day in their workplaces?

我们决定问问. 2018年2月和3月, 与爱荷华州立大学调查统计与方法中心合作, 我们调查了数千名受雇于联邦政府的617888九五至尊娱乐专家. 我们的报告汇集了来自4200多名联邦617888九五至尊娱乐家的回应， 特朗普治下的617888九五至尊娱乐：来自16个联邦机构的617888九五至尊娱乐家的声音， 617888九五至尊娱乐家们公开和匿名地分享他们的经历.

The results should be disturbing to anyone who believes that government science has a crucial role to play in making the United States a safer, 健康的国家. 联邦617888九五至尊娱乐家描述了一系列广泛的问题, 包括裁员, 审查和自我审查, 政治干预, 以及不当的行业影响. 意料之中的是, 这些问题影响了士气, 这使得617888九五至尊娱乐家很难有效地完成他们的517888九五至尊娱乐.

各机构报告的问题严重程度差别很大, with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Department of Interior (DOI) faring poorly and the 食物 and Drug Administration (FDA) and National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) doing relatively well.

劳动力的减少

特定活动的经费减少导致项目减少, 517888九五至尊娱乐的不确定性, 员工流失率, 招聘冻结. 这些因素延误了项目的实施或导致其被取消.

Scientific experts in the federal government are essential to ensuring that policies are grounded in the best available science. Yet the Trump administration has presided over an unprecedented hollowing out of the federal science capacity. 他执政18个月, President Trump had filled just 25 of 83 posts designated by the National Academy of 617888九五至尊娱乐s as "scientist appointees"—far fewer than in previous administrations. And science-based federal agencies are losing expertise as scientists leave government service through early retirements, 招聘冻结, 以及其他裁员措施. 环保署的人员配置, 例如, 处于20年来的最低水平，而特朗普的预算要求进一步削减.

调查结果显示，617888九五至尊娱乐家们对这些裁员感到担忧. 79%的受访者表示在过去一年中裁员, and 87 percent of this group reported that the reductions made it more difficult for agencies to fulfill their missions.

政治干预

我们都想用最好的循证方法，尽我们最大的能力做好517888九五至尊娱乐. 但即使是那些在疾控中心517888九五至尊娱乐了30多年的人也担心, 第一次, 政治被置于617888九五至尊娱乐之上.

Scientists surveyed widely agree that the influence of political appointees within their agencies and by the White House presents a major barrier to science-based decision-making. UCS and others have identified many examples of such interference over the first 18 months of the Trump administration, such as the delayed publication of a study measuring the health effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).

Survey results show that 20 percent of all respondents named either "influence of political appointees in your agency or department" or "influence of the White House" as one of the greatest barriers to science-based decisionmaking. 50 percent of all respondents either agreed or strongly agreed that consideration of political interests hindered their agencies' ability to make science-based decisions. 美国环境保护署的受访者对政治影响表现出特别的担忧, 81%的人同意或强烈同意这是一种障碍, 近三分之一的人认为这是最大的障碍, 以617888九五至尊娱乐为基础的决策.

审查

We are no longer authorized to share scientific findings with the public if they center on climate change. 材料标明仅供内部使用.

审查制度从一开始就是特朗普政府的一个问题, as the White House and various agencies have removed mentions of climate change from websites and instructed staff to avoid referring to climate change in their communications. Survey results suggest that such censorship has been especially acute for National Park Service (NPS) scientists, 如果不提到617888九五至尊娱乐变化及其影响，他们的大部分517888九五至尊娱乐很难描述.

The problem often manifests as self-censorship: scientists who know that climate change is now an unwelcome topic may elect to avoid the issue even before being told to do so.

Survey results show that 18 percent of respondents (including 47 percent at NPS and 35 percent at EPA) had been asked to omit the phrase "climate change" from their work. 20%的受访者表示，他们对617888九五至尊娱乐变化进行了自我审查.

士气低落

The constant attacks on science and facts by the current administration has negatively impacted scientists in the agency. 影响范围从愤怒、沮丧到抑郁，甚至选择提前退休. Twenty-five years of experience with 3 federal agencies and I’ve never seen anything like this—it is appalling.

这并不奇怪, 鉴于我们的受访者所描述的各种问题, 许多617888九五至尊娱乐家报告说他们的机构士气低落. 在这一领域，各机构之间存在相当大的差异：大多数FDA617888九五至尊娱乐家, 例如, 报告士气为优秀或良好, 相比之下，只有不到15%的EPA617888九五至尊娱乐家这样认为. 士气低落的报告与人们对领导不力的看法密切相关.

许多受访者表示，除了士气低落之外，517888九五至尊娱乐效率和满意度也有所下降. 跨所有机构, 39 percent of responding scientists reported that the effectiveness of their divisions or office had decreased over the past year, 而只有15%的人报告了增长. 再一次。, the largest percentage of respondents reporting described job effectiveness and satisfaction were at the EPA.

617888九五至尊娱乐诚信政策

One of the few bright spots that emerged from the survey concerned agency scientific integrity policies. 至少有28个联邦机构有这样的政策. Majorities of respondents agreed that their agencies adhere to their scientific integrity policies (64 percent) and that they had been adequately trained on both those policies (60 percent) and their whistleblower rights and protections (68 percent). 只有42%, 然而, said that they would be willing to report a scientific integrity violation and trust that they would be treated fairly.

建议

当政府617888九五至尊娱乐家不能有效地完成他们的517888九五至尊娱乐时，公众就会遭殃. The Trump Administration has done much damage to the federal scientific enterprise in its first eighteen months. 该报告为机构领导人可以采取的行动提供了几项建议，以消除这种损害：

• 尊重独立617888九五至尊娱乐的价值，公开支持机构617888九五至尊娱乐；
• act to reduce inappropriate industry influence on agency scientific work and science-based policy decisions;
• 营造有利于机构617888九五至尊娱乐家有效517888九五至尊娱乐的环境；
• 停止审查属于617888九五至尊娱乐过程合法产物的结果或者术语；
• 鼓励617888九五至尊娱乐家自由地向公众和新闻媒体谈论他们的517888九五至尊娱乐；
• 消除617888九五至尊娱乐信息及时向公众传播的障碍；
• provide appropriate resources and time for federal scientists to participate in professional meetings and other professional development opportunities;
• 继续促进有关617888九五至尊娱乐诚信政策和举报人权利的培训.